Skin microcirculation is located in the dermis and hypodermis layers. It plays a significant role in skin homeostasis (transportation of gases, nutrients, waste, hormones), in body thermoregulation, in blood pressure regulation and in inflammatory response.

Dermal arterioles and venules are composed of endothelial cells, connective tissues (collagen, elastin) and of smooth muscle cells which allow vessel vasoconstriction and vasodilation. Dermal capillaries are composed of a single layer of endothelial cells and of pericytes surrounded by a basal membrane.

A microcirculation dysfunction due to external factors (e.g. sun exposure, heat, cold, microorganisms and food) or internal factors (immune system) can cause redness, venous insufficiency or rosacea. Microcirculation is also altered by skin ageing, with a progressive decrease of new blood vessel formation (angiogenesis). This age-related alteration of skin microcirculation may have different consequences: sensation of cold, pallor, cutaneous ischemia, alopecia, etc.